Saúde psicológica e bem-estar 2024 | OSPBE/DGEEC xxvii anxiety. Boys tend to report more favourable situations for optimism, emotional control, resilience/resistance, confidence, sociability, energy, and feeling of belonging to the school, as well as higher levels of bullying. On the PYD (Positive Development) scale, students report an average score of 14.3 for competence, 15.1 for confidence (out of 24), 18.8 for connection (out of 30), and 8.9 for contribution (out of 20). There were statistically significant differences for all the sub-scales by education level, with a less favourable situation with age/education level, although the pattern was not as straightforward as in the 2022 series, and here, there was somewhat of a recovery in 12th grade compared to 11th grade. There are significant gender differences in competence and confidence. Boys report higher levels of competence (15.3) and confidence (15.9). Analysing some lifestyle indicators, 94.5% of the students reported practising physical activity at least once last week. Students in the 12th grade and females practised the fewest hours of physical activity per week. Over half of the students reported sleeping eight or more hours a night on weekdays. Younger students (5th grade) tend to sleep more hours than older students (12th grade) during the week. There were no significant differences between genders. As for screen time, 97.3% of students spend at least one hour in front of a screen on weekdays. Over half spend four or more hours daily (52.8%). Older pupils (12th grade) spend the most hours in front of screens, and younger pupils (5th grade) spend the least (still 2.9 hours on average). There were no statistically significant differences between genders. This pattern between genders and with age is maintained for screen time at the weekend, although screen time is considerably longer.
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