Saúde psicológica e bem-estar 2024 | OSPBE/DGEEC xxvi psychological distress that used to appear in around a third of the students are now present in a quarter of them, with the pattern of worsening in females and with age continuing. Three-quarters of the students reported quality of life, and there is also a less favourable situation among older students and girls. Curiously, the pattern of worsening with age, with a peak in 8th grade, does not appear so clearly in this 2024 series, and a less marked situation of malaise is also suggested in 12th grade. Concerning the Socio-Emotional Competence assessment scale, which includes several sub-scales and has a maximum of 4 points (higher value = higher level of competence), the three competencies with the highest scores are cooperation, showing a generally good relationship with colleagues, optimism, and curiosity. Skills such as persistence, creativity, belonging to the school, relationships with teachers, and confidence suggest the relevance of optimising action. Skills that involve emotional management, with test anxiety standing out, present lower scores. Concerning bullying, the students scored an average of 0.45 (out of a maximum of 4), considering that there are few situations in which they feel they are victims of bullying. When looking at these values throughout schooling (as a proxy for age), there is a tendency for socio-emotional skills to decrease with age. However, there are some significant exceptions to this pattern. Fifth graders, who have the highest scores in all dimensions, also have the highest levels of bullying. Eighth and ninth graders seem to have a worse situation in various competencies. Twelfth graders stand out for having the lowest levels of sociability, energy, and sense of belonging to the school, although they also have the lowest bullying scores. There are statistically significant differences in various sub-scales by gender. Girls stand out for their higher levels of cooperation, better relationships with teachers, and more test
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